What is PCB characteristic impedance?

Impedance control of PCB. When you are preparing for PCB proofing, you may have seen it in the online ordering system of the board factory in the PCB manufacturing documentation. To do PCB impedance control, you need to add extra money. When do I need to do impedance control? Why is the main control for the transmission line more important, the characteristic impedance controlled by different types of transmission lines is different.

Is it difficult to control the impedance of a PCB transmission line? In theory, it is difficult. You only need to mark how many characteristic impedances those traces need to do in the design description file, the board factory will do it according to your requirements. But in reality, impedance control is still challenging. You must rely on teammates communicate closely to avoid various pits.

The characteristic impedance is also called "characteristic impedance". Refers to the high-frequency signal in a transmission signal line (that is, the copper wire of the circuit board we make) at a certain frequency relative to a reference layer (that is, the shielding layer, the reflection layer, the reference layer). the resistance to electromagnetic waves during the propagation process is called the characteristic impedance, which is actually a vector sum of electrical impedance, inductive reactance, capacitive reactance.

PCB only plays the role of current conduction in electronic products, but also plays the role of signal transmission; the high frequency high speed of electronic products require that the circuit performance provided by PCB must ensure that the signal does reflect during transmission keep the signal intact No distortion; characteristic impedance is the core of solving the problem of signal integrity;

When an electronic device (such as a computer, communication switch, etc.) is in operation, the signal sent by the driving element (Driver) needs to reach the receiving element (Receiver) through the PCB signal line. To ensure signal integrity, the characteristic impedance (Z0) of the signal line of the PCB must match the impedance of the head tail components. Circuit board manufacturer

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